Diamond, Carbon and Advanced Energy Materials

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylinders of 1 or more layers of graphene (lattice). Diameters of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are typically 0.8 to 2 nm and 5 to twenty nm, respectively, although MWNT diameters can exceed 100 nm. CNT lengths range from but 100 nm to 0.5 m. Individual CNT walls are often metallic or semiconducting counting on the orientation of the lattice with reference to the tube axis, which is called chirality. nanotube production exceeded several thousand tons per annum, used for applications in energy storage, automotive parts, boat hulls, sports equipment, water filters, thin-film electronics, coatings, actuators and electromagnetic shields, health care, and environmental protection.