Diamond, Carbon and Advanced Energy Materials

Carbon is an unprecedented element due to its ability to covalently bond with different orbital hybridizations. This results in an upscale sort of molecular structure that constitutes the sector of chemistry. For millennia, there have been only two known substances of pure carbon atoms: graphite and diamond. the invention of nanometer dimensional C60, and related fullerene structures (C70, C84), spawned the sector of nanocarbon research. a subsequent major advance in carbon research was the invention of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The traditional electrochemical applications for carbon in solid electrode structures for the Chlor-alkali industry also in aluminum refining are giving thanks to more diverse applications requiring high-surface-area carbon i.e., capacitor, fuel cells, metal/air batteries, and high-energy lithium batteries. In these of those applications, carbon has the desirable combination of acceptable electrical conductivity, chemical/electrochemical compatibility to the encompassing environment, and availability within the appropriate structure for fabrication into electrodes. additionally, the low cost of carbon relative to other electronic conductors is a crucial advantage for its widespread use in electrodes, particularly in electrochemical systems that has got to compete with existing technologies.