Human Genetics

Genetic counseling is a process that educates individuals or families about the genetic aspects of health conditions, guiding them through the implications of genetic testing and decision-making regarding genetic risk. The primary goal is to help individuals make informed decisions about their health, family planning, and medical care. Key components of genetic counseling include risk assessment, which evaluates genetic risks based on medical and family history, and education, where counselors explain genetic conditions, inheritance patterns, testing options, and available treatments. Emotional support is provided to help individuals cope with the emotional impact of genetic information, and decision-making assistance helps people navigate choices regarding genetic testing, family planning, and medical treatments. Applications of genetic counseling include prenatal counseling to understand risks to the unborn child, family planning for inherited conditions, cancer risk counseling for inherited mutations like BRCA, and genetic testing guidance. Tools like genetic databases (e.g., OMIM, Gene Reviews) and genetic testing assist counselors in providing accurate and personalized guidance to those seeking genetic information.