Genetic Disorders are conditions caused by abnormalities in an individual’s DNA, ranging from single-gene mutations to complex interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors. They are broadly classified into monogenic disorders, arising from mutations in a single gene with predictable inheritance patterns (e.g., cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia), and complex or multifactorial disorders, influenced by multiple genes and external factors (e.g., diabetes, heart disease).Genetic mutations can take various forms, including point mutations, insertions or deletions, copy number variations, and chromosomal abnormalities such as duplications, deletions, or translocations. Understanding these variations enables genetic testing, which helps identify individuals at risk, supports early diagnosis, and guides personalized medicine approaches. Recent advances in gene therapy, genomic screening, and genetic counseling are transforming the prevention and management of genetic disorders, allowing tailored treatments and informed healthcare decisions. Studying the genetic basis of disease enhances patient outcomes, promotes targeted therapies, and supports precision medicine for populations worldwide.
- Chromosomal disorders
- Monogenic disorders
- Multifactorial disorders
- Huntington's diseases