Human Genetics

Genome Integrity is crucial for maintaining the accuracy, structure, stability, and function of an organism's genetic material. It ensures that DNA remains free from mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and other genetic changes that could lead to diseases such as cancer. Key mechanisms that safeguard genome integrity include DNA repair, which corrects damage from radiation or chemicals; DNA replication, which ensures precise copying of DNA during cell division; chromosome segregation, which ensures proper distribution of chromosomes to prevent abnormalities; and cell cycle checkpoints, which detect DNA damage and halt division to allow for repair. Protecting genome integrity is vital for preventing genetic disorders, aging, and cancer. Disruptions in these processes can lead to genomic instability, contributing to disease development.