Human Genetics

The Human Genome Project (HGP), launched in 1990 and completed in 2003, was an international effort to map and understand all human genes, collectively known as the genome. It successfully sequenced 3 billion DNA base pairs and identified approximately 20,000–25,000 genes. The project aimed to determine the DNA sequence, map gene locations, and make the data widely accessible for research. The HGP transformed biology and medicine by uncovering genetic insights, enhancing diagnostic capabilities, and enabling advancements in personalized medicine and genomic therapies. It remains a cornerstone in understanding genetic diseases and improving human health through genomic science.