Immunogenetics is the branch of genetics that investigates the genetic basis of the immune system and how genetic variation affects immune responses. It examines the regulation, development, and function of immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, as well as the production of antibodies and cytokines, which are critical for defending against pathogens and maintaining immune homeostasis. Immunogenetics plays a vital role in understanding susceptibility to infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, allergies, and immunodeficiencies. It is also essential in organ transplantation, where compatibility of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) determines graft success, and in vaccine development, where genetic differences influence immune response effectiveness. Advanced techniques such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), next-generation sequencing, flow cytometry, and molecular immunology assays allow detailed analysis of genetic influences on immunity. By linking genetics with immune function, immunogenetics informs personalized medicine, therapeutic strategies, and disease prevention, enhancing both biomedical research and clinical applications.
- Immunity
- Autoimmunity
- Histocompatibility
- Adaptive Immune Cells
- Immunology