Molecular Biology is a scientific field that studies the molecular processes occurring within living organisms. It is primarily concerned with the structure and function of macromolecules, particularly nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and proteins, which are essential for various cellular processes. One of the core principles of molecular biology is the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA and then to proteins, a process known as the central dogma. This encompasses transcription, where DNA is used as a template to synthesize RNA, and translation, where RNA is decoded to build proteins. Techniques like PCR (polymerase chain reaction), gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing are commonly employed in molecular biology to analyze and manipulate genetic material. The field plays a critical role in understanding genetic diseases, developing new medical treatments, and advancing biotechnology, with applications ranging from genetic engineering to drug discovery. Molecular biology is closely intertwined with genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology, making it a cornerstone of modern biological research.