Human Genetics

Pharmacogenetics is the study of how an individual’s genetic composition affects their response to medications. It combines pharmacology and genetics to explore how genetic variations influence drug metabolism, effectiveness, and the risk of side effects. By identifying specific genetic markers, pharmacogenetics aims to customize drug treatments, enhancing safety and therapeutic outcomes. Key elements of pharmacogenetics include: 1. Drug Metabolism: Variations in genes that encode metabolic enzymes can alter how drugs are processed in the body, affecting their efficiency and safety.

2. Efficacy: Genetic differences can impact how well a drug works, helping to choose the most suitable treatment for an individual.

3. Adverse Reactions: Genetic factors may increase the likelihood of adverse reactions to certain drugs.