Human Genetics

Pharmacogenomics studies how an individual’s genetic makeup influences drug response, integrating pharmacology and genomics to enable personalized medicine. By analyzing genetic variations, it optimizes drug therapy, enhancing efficacy and minimizing adverse reactions. Key areas include drug response prediction, adverse drug reaction prevention, personalized medicine, cancer pharmacogenomics, and dose optimization. Applications span oncology, cardiology, psychiatry, and infectious diseases, tailoring treatments based on genetic profiles. Technologies such as Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and databases like PharmGKB and CPIC aid in drug selection and dosage decisions. Pharmacogenomics is revolutionizing precision medicine for safer, more effective treatments .