Human Genetics

Stem cell genetics studies how genetic factors regulate stem cell function and differentiation, essential for development, regeneration, and disease treatment. Stem cells can self-renew and specialize, and key areas include genetic regulation of pluripotency, differences between embryonic and adult stem cells, and reprogramming adult cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using factors like Yamanaka factors. Research also explores genetic mutations, cancer stem cells, and gene editing tools like CRISPR. Applications include regenerative medicine for conditions such as heart disease and spinal injuries, gene therapy, drug testing with modified stem cells, and disease modeling using iPSCs. Technologies like CRISPR-Cas9, RNA sequencing, and organoids are advancing the field, offering potential breakthroughs in medicine and biotechnology.