In humans, the life span of term birth to 2 years of age is characterized by rapid and dynamic brain development and plays a major role in cognitive development and risk of disorders. Enhancement in imaging studies have begun to indicate the growth trajectories of brain structure and function in the initial years after birth and their relationship to cognition and danger of neuropsychiatric disorders. The structural connectivity indicates anatomical connections linking a set of neural elements whereas functional connectivity is generally derived from time series observations, and describes patterns of statistical dependence along neural elements.
