Pain Research & Management

Acute, short-term pain is often a sign of injury or disease, while chronic pain is most frequently associated with conditions such as headaches, lower-back pain, or fibromyalgia, which is often characterized by pain in the back, hands, neck, shoulders, or pelvis and accompanied by fatigue or sleep disturbances. Rehabilitation program usually design individualized patient assessments, treatments, and follow-up plans. Medication reduction, psychological treatment (directed particularly at depression and anxiety), family counselling, socialization skills, and educational or vocational counselling are emphasized. Migraine and other types of headaches, such as tension headache and sinus headache, are painful. Migraine symptoms include a pounding headache, nausea, vomiting, and light sensitivity and are treated with anti-nausea drugs and abortive or preventive medications. Headache remedies include pain relievers. Back pain includes lower back pain, middle back pain, upper back pain or low back pain with sciatica. Nerve and muscular problems, degenerative disc disease, and arthritis can result in back pain. Back pain symptoms may be relieved with pain medication or pain killers.