Textile and Fibers : Structuring the fabric of the future Synthetic fibers, which account for about half of all fiber usage, are made from synthesized polymers based on raw materials such as petroleum. The different types of fibers are produced from widely diverse chemical compounds. Each synthetic fiber has unique properties and characteristics that suit it for specific applications. Synthetic fibers and fabrics are used in a broad variety of industries and sectors, including aerospace, apparel, architecture and construction, automotive and transportation, chemical processing, electrical and electronic, filtration, marine, medical and welding.