Biofuels and Bioenergy

Bioenergy is the combination of Biofuels and Biomass which is one of the most prominent renewable energy. The energy stored in biomass is released to produce renewable electricity or heat. Thermal energy-heating and cooling is often produced through direct combustion of wood pellets, wood chips, and other sources of dry biomass. The recent energy independence encourages development and utilization of renewable energy such as bioenergy.

Biorefinery is a most important method for future biofuel production where both the fuels and high value co-product materials are produced. The biorefinery concept used to apply to biomass conversion that is the methods that have been used for the refining of petroleum. Biorefinery makes the differences in biomass components and maximize the value derived from the biomass feedstock. It also plays an important role in decarbonizing the energy and transport sectors with bioenergy and biofuel products.

Bioalcohols are the type of alcohols produced from biological resources and biomass. Bioethanol, which is most preferred alternative fuel for spark ignition engines, is the widely known and produced bioalcohol. First generation biofuels are made from sugar and starch crops are converted through a fermentation process to form bioalcohols, like ethanol, butanol, and propanol. Bioethanol production is done from waste vegetables, plant matter, algae, and automobile fuel

Biodiesel and green diesel are easy to useand both of these products are refined from vegetable oil and occasionally animal fat. The set of these two diesel fuels apart are the processes that is used to produce them and the end product that results in the biodisel. Biodiesel is produced by the method reacting triglycerides with alcohol to produce the fatty acid esters and glycerol, which is a byproduct and this chemical reaction, is referred to as trans esterification.

The algae biorefinery concept represents the transformation of algae biomass through a sustainable processing way to produce biofuels and value-added chemical products Algae biorefinery can optimise resources, maximize profits and minimize wastes. Algae biofuel is an replacement to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils. The methods include culturing algae, Harvesting and oil extraction system, Commercialization of algae biofuels, Wastewater based algae biofuels production

Biofuels are the fuels used for the production of electric energy; it is also known as liquid fuels used for different means of transport. It is produced from vegetable oils, used cooking oils and animal fats. It is fuel that is produced through temporary processes from biomass, rather than by the very slow geological processes involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as oil. The fuel is produced by transesterification process. The most common fuels produced are bioethanol that is synthetized from carbohydrates and biodiesel from fats and oils.

Bioremediation is a fast and easy process in which chemical reactions that are mediated by microbiological organisms degrade and also transform contaminants to less toxic or nontoxic forms, thereby remedying or eliminating environmental contamination. It is the most fast developing technology which can be also is used with other physical and chemical treatment methods for complete management of different and diverse group of environmental pollutants.

Biofuel is type of fuel that is derived from biomass—that is, plant or algae material or renewable organic matter. It is a type of energy that is made or generated from natural processes that are continuously recharged. This energy can be used as a source of heat by combusting them and that heat to be used for power generation purposes.  biofuel is the source of renewable energy, like fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas. Biomass & hydrogen that is particularly produced from renewable sources can also be used in obtaining heat.

Bioeconomy comprises of those parts of the economy that use renewable biological resources from land and water – such as crops, animals and micro-organisms to produce materials and energy. Bioeconomy, biotechonomy, or biobased economy, refers to all the economic activity that is derived from scientific and research activity that is focused on biotechnology. It encompasses the production of renewable biological resources and their conversion into food, bio-based products and bioenergy through innovative technologies provided by Industrial Biotechnology. It is already a reality and one that offers great opportunities and solutions to a growing number of major societal, environmental and economic challenges, including climate change mitigation, energy and food security and resource efficiency.

Biomass is most commonly known living or recently dead organisms that are any byproducts of those organisms like plant or animal. biomass energy is the term refers to those crops, residues, and biological materials that can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels in the production of energy. The technology included are Conversion technologies, Integrated biomass technologies, Biomass is utilized as a source of energy and it most often directs to plants or plant-based matter which are not used for food, and are called as lignocellulose biomass.

Advanced biofuels are the type fuels that can be processed from different number of types of biomass. Microbial pathways are used for advanced biofuels production and Synthesis of advanced biofuels. Advanced biofuel technologies have been deleted because first generation biofuels manufacture has major limitations. Advanced biofuels are manufactured from pyrolysis oil. First generation biofuel processes are convenient there is a limit above which they cannot yield enough biofuel

Nanotechnology has tremendous potential to achieve cost-effective and process-efficient biofuel industry. Many nanomaterials have been developed with unique properties for enhanced biofuel production and utilization. The different way is to develop nanotechnology-based biofuel at industrial scale. Catalysts are used with fuels such as hydrogen or methanol to produce hydrogen ions.  Nowadays Companies are using nanotechnology to create more efficient membranes; which will allow them to build lighter weight with longer lasting fuel cells.

Biofuel cells are the cells that are used to convert chemical energy of various biofuels like cellobiose, fructose, glucose, hydrogen in a most efficient way into electrical energy through the catalytic process of electrochemical reactions. Biofuel cells, which can directly generate electricity from biodegradable substances that have rapidly gained research attention. Most Widely available fuel sources and moderate operational conditions make them promising in renewable energy generation, wastewater treatment, power sources for remote devices

Major reasons for producing biofuels is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to avoid the effects of global warming produced by fossil fuels. Environmental advantages of biofuel include biodiesel that is a breath of fresh air. These reduce the lifecycle of greenhouse gases by up to 86%. Lowers particulate gas by 47% reducing smog and making our air healthier to breathe and reduces hydrocarbon emissions by 67%. Less carbon emissions, when burned, they release as much carbon as they absorbed during growth, although some carbon dioxide will be released during production.

This Green Energy comes from Natural sources such as sunlight, tides, winds, plants, algae and many more it plays an important role for any country for their sustainable growth as well as for the foreign energy imports and will help to improve local economic goals, these alternative energies said to be not harmful to the humans, energy and environmental sources, Green Processing and solar energy, Geothermal heat Emerging technologies in Green energy, Geothermal development, Green Nanotechnology, Green Architecture, Growth of renewables and Recycling.

Bioenergy conversion technologies are of many types like direct combustion processes, Thermochemical processes and Biochemical processes. The conversion methods include Catalytic Liquefaction, Pyrolysis, Carbonisation and Gasification, Anaerobic Fermentation. Ethanol Fermentation. Biodiesel. thermochemical, biochemical and other processes Biomass can be burned by thermal conversion and used for energy. Thermal conversion involves the method of heating the biomass feedstock in order to burn, dehydrate and stabilize the energy.

Advanced Biorefineries are the most important method for future biofuel production where both the fuels and high value co-product materials are produced. The biorefinery concept used to apply to biomass conversion that is the methods that have been used for the refining of petroleum. Biorefinery makes the differences in biomass components and maximize the value derived from the biomass feedstock. It also plays an important role in decarbonizing the energy and transport sectors with bioenergy and biofuel products.

Bioeconomy can be defined as the industry’s response to the present global challenges in social, and economic along with the bioproducts, climate change. In bioeconomy, renewable and naturally produced biological energy resources are used to replace fossil fuels as well as for other bio-based products. The recent evolution in the field of biotechnology industry and its application on chemical or energy industries are example of bioeconomic activity. It includes Biofuels production and consumption scenario, Modern bioeconomy researches, Business of the emerging bioeconomy.

Various modified methods for producing biodiesel are pyrolysis, reactive separation, supercritical process, ultrasound, reactive distillation and microwave technique. The most commonly used technology for biodiesel production is transesterification of oils with alcohol that gives biodiesel that are fatty acid alkyl esters as the main product and glycerin as the byproduct. Biodiesel is a type of liquid fuel that is produced from renewable sources, such as new or used vegetable oils and animal fats. It is nontoxic, biodegradable and is produced by combining alcohol with vegetable oil or recycled cooking grease.

Biohydrogen is an example of an advanced biofuel or third generation biofuel. In advanced biofuel technologies, the microbes are grown in a special bioreactors that include energy and nutrients that they need with sunlight, waste organic material, CO₂ from conventional gas plants. The production of biohydrogen from biogas, it can also be produced through the process gasification of biomass, that is similar to the production of bio-SNG. Biohydrogen stands as a useful energy source for alleviating the pressures of limited resources and promoting the use of environmentally friendly technology.

In a Bio economy, solar energy sustainably available biomass holds the potential to be a best nonfossil source of high energy density transportation fuel. Biomass in solar energy is primarily as a carbon source and boost liquid fuel production substantially. By this method, we will be able to replace fossil fuels with a carbon-neutral product that is produced from solar energy, carbon dioxide and water. Scientists have successfully produced new microorganisms that can efficiently produce the alcohol and butanol using carbon dioxide and solar energy, without the need of using solar cells

Cyanobacteria in biofuels have best potential for biofuel production because of their fast growth, genetic tractability and ability to fix carbon dioxide gas. Basically photosynthetic life of cynabacteria self-replicates the intricate machinery needed to capture and conversion of light energy, waste carbon dioxide. Biofuel research is boosted by the discovery of how cyanobacteria make energy. Benefits of cyanobacteria are bestowed with ability to fix atmospheric N2, decompose the organic wastes and residues, detoxify heavy metals and other xenobiotics,

Biofuel is considered to be a source of renewable energy, unlike fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Biofuel is a category of renewable fuel that reduces greenhouse gas. Biofuel is type of fuel that is derived from biomass—that is, plant or algae material or renewable organic matter. It is a type of energy that is made or generated from natural processes that are continuously recharged.

Renewable chemicals are the type fuels that can be processed from different number of types of biomass. Microbial pathways are used for advanced biofuels production and Synthesis of advanced biofuels. Advanced biofuel technologies have been deleted because first generation biofuels manufacture has major limitations. Advanced biofuels are manufactured from pyrolysis oil. First generation biofuel processes are convenient there is a limit above which they cannot yield enough biofuel