Clinical Dentistry & Oral Health

Dental Public Health is defined as “The science and art of preventing and controlling dental diseases and promoting dental health through organized community efforts. A major focus of public health is precluding disorders in large populations, rather than treating diseases on an individual basis
Areas of good Dental Public Health practice:

• Oral health surveillance

• Assessing the documentation on oral health and dental interventions 

• Oral health improvement

• Strategic leadership and cooperative working for health

• Evolving and monitoring quality dental services

• Dental Public Health intelligence

• Academic Dental Public Health

• Appropriate decision-making and judgment

• Applicable attitudes, ethical understanding and legal liabilities

• Role within the health service                                  

Dental hygiene is a method of caring mouth and teeth clean to prevent dental problems, most commonly gingivitis, dental cavities, bad breath and periodontal (gum) disorders. Teeth cleaning mean the removal of dental plaque and tartar from the teeth to prevent cavities, gingivitis, gum disorders, tooth decay. Poor hygienic of mouth especially gum disorders increase the risk of heart stroke, uncontrolled diabetes and preterm labor. Vincent infection is a terrible disease of mouth characterized by grey ulceration of the mucous membrane, bleeding of gums, foul odor to breath.
To defend your oral health, practice good oral hygiene daily.

• Brush your teeth minimum twice a day for two minutes each time. 
• Eat a healthy diet and limit sugarcoated food and drinks.
• Use mouthwash to remove food granules left after brushing and flossing.
• Replace your toothbrush every three to four months 
• Elude tobacco use.
• Program regular dental checks and cleaning

The area will be numb, so you won’t feel pain. Most local anesthetics take affect quickly sometimes a vasopressor such as epinephrine is added to the anesthetic to increase its effect and to keep the anesthetic effect from spreading to other areas of the body. Dental anesthesia is a common and safe procedure, but before its administration, the dentist should know a patient's complete medical history to avoid any possible complications within the rich local anesthetic medicine available in dentistry for the prevention and management of pain When a dentist uses a local anesthetic or numbing cream containing epinephrine, it can cause your blood pressure to increase It's also important to discuss the potential side effects of dental anesthesia with your dental professional before undergoing any procedure.IN dental anesthesia is the operation an anesthesia dentistry it includes

• Sedation
• general anesthetic

Side goods of dental anesthesia depend on the type of anesthetic used. The success of dental anesthesia depends on

• The medicine
• The area being anesthetized
• The procedure
• individual factor

The dental anesthetic Sevoflurane gas is combination with nitrous oxide and oxygen. The dental anesthetics you tooth will be number for 2-3 hours while your lips and tongue will be number for 3-5 hours after the time of injection as the blood carries the anesthetic from the injection point to be metabolized or break down.     

Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology- Oral and maxillofacial pathology is the specialty of dentistry and pathology which deals with the nature, identification, and management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. It is a science that investigates the causes, processes and effects of these diseases.

• Oral cavity

• jaws

Conservative Dentistry, also known as operative dentistry or crown and bridge dentistry, is the area of dentistry that focuses on dental crowns and bridges.

• Bridge

• Crown

• Veneer

• Fixed prosthodontics

Preventive dentistry includes a number of procedures that help you to maintain good oral health. The clue is in the name. Preventive dentistry helps you and your dentist to prepare and monitor any signs of oral health issues that could arise in the future. It’s a preventative measure to help keep your mouth happy and healthy.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is the specialty of dentistry that includes the diagnosis and surgical and related treatment of diseases, injuries, and defects involving both the functional, esthetic aspects of the hard and soft tissues.

• head
•  mouth
• teeth
• gums
• jaws and neck.

Operative and Forensic Dentistry is a art and science of the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the defects of teeth that do not require full coverage restorations for correction. Such treatment should affect in the restoration of proper tooth form, function

Pediatric dentistry is an early oral examination aids in the detection of the early stages of tooth decay. Early detection is essential to maintain oral health, modify aberrant habits, and treat as needed and as simply as possible to risk assessment, information on finger, thumb, and pacifier habits, and may include advice on preventing injuries to the mouth and teeth of children, diet counseling, and information on growth and development.

Geriatric dentistry is a dental care to older adults involving diagnosis, prevention, management and treatment of problems associated with age related diseases. The mouth is referred to as a mirror of overall health, reinforcing that oral health is an integral part of general health. In the elderly population poor oral health has been considered a risk factor for general health problems.

Oral Biology is a tremendously diverse scientific area encompassing the disciplines of molecular biology and genetics, microbiology and immunology, genomics, biochemistry, biophysics, craniofacial development, pharmacology, physiology, and cancer biology. Dental cosmetics It primarily focuses on improvement in dental aesthetics in color, position, shape, size, alignment and overall smile appearance

• Whitening

• Reshaping

• Bonding

• Bridging

Oral Medicine or stomatology doctor (or stomatologist) has received additional specialized training and experience in the diagnosis and management of oral mucosal abnormalities including oral cancer

salivary gland disorders

temporomandibular disorders.

Orofacial pain is a common symptom, and there are many causes. It is estimated that over 95% of cases of orofacial pain result from dental conditions, such as toothaches, pulpitis, and abscesses

Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry dealing with the prevention and emendation of irregularities of the teeth – commonly containing the straightening of crocked teeth or correcting of a poor bite or malocclusion (physiologically unacceptable contact of opposing dentition, which may be caused by imperfect development, loss of teeth, or abnormal growth of jaws). Orthodontists use fixed and removable dental devices, like braces, retainers, and bands, to change the position of teeth in the mouth. They treat dental abnormalities, including:

• Crooked teeth

• Bite problems, like an overbite or an under bite

• Crowded teeth, or teeth that are too far apart

• Jaw misalignment

Dentofacial orthopedics is also used to treat adult patients at Hier & Palmer Orthodontics, however, this process may involve surgery. With our younger patients, we know the jaw bones are still forming, making it easier for our team at Hier & Palmer Orthodontics to control bone growth and tooth movement.

Endodontics, in dentistry, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the dental pulp and the surrounding tissues. They perform routine as well as difficult and very complex endodontic procedures, including root canal treatment, endodontic surgery and special procedures to save teeth after traumatic dental injuries. By focusing their practice on specific procedures such a root canal treatment, surgery and trauma, endodontists are experts at managing a wide array of complex endodontic problems efficiently.

Prosthodontics is a branch of dentistry similarly called prosthetic dentistry or dental prosthetics. The department deals with the development and implantation of tooth replacements for diseased, missing or damaged teeth. The type of disorders and conditions that may be treated by a prosthodontic specialist include:

• Lost, damaged or decayed teeth.

• Planning applicable natural and biocompatible replacements that could substitute part or whole of the injured or damaged tooth.

• Aiding a patient in recovering any loss of function with regard to masticating or speaking that their tooth loss may have caused.

• Replacement of the tooth with the prosthetic relief.

• Addressing cosmetic issues regarding lost teeth similar as realigning teeth to regenerate a smile that has been altered by the loss.

• Dealing with problems arising from the temporomandibular joint or the joint of the jaws to the cranium at the base of the ear.

Dental products are specially fabricated materials, designed for use in dentistry. There are many different types of dental products, and their characteristics vary according to their intended purpose.

• Impression

• Lining

• Restorative

Dental restorative materials are used to replace tooth structure loss, usually due to dental caries, dental activity but also tooth wear and dental activities the dental material component in the success of a restorative material involves along the tooth restoration interface. In Dental material and appliances after contain potentially Toxic element these many releases in harmful products .This produce side effect at a local or systemic. This dental material to restore teeth dates back thousands of years. The dental material include the natural tissues and biocompatible synthetic material used to restore decay damaged or fractured teeth.

It explores the basic principles of pharmacology, the ways that drugs affect the body, evaluate a patient’s health and optimize dental treatment by factoring in the drugs they take and the metabolism of drugs by the body. In order to treat dental problems with medications, an adequate knowledge of the underlying pharmacology is a must.The common drugs are antibiotics, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-periodontitis agents. it includes oral hygiene, obtudents, Mummifying agents and drugs used for cavity and periodontal disease. Oral hygiene deals with the care of oral mucous membrane and teeth it includes.

Sports dentistry is one of the most recent and forthcoming field in dentistry. Sports dentistry is the branch of dentistry dealing with precluding and treatments of the pathologies and damages of the oral cavity and the stomatognathic system bonded to sports practice. The stomatognathic system is the anatomical and functional system consisting the teeth, jaws, associated soft tissues, facial muscles and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The sports dentist assists athletes in the prevention, treatment, and resolution of oral injuries. The most suggestive aspect in preventing sports-related orofacial injuries is wearing basic defensive devices such as properly-fitting helmets, face masks and/or mouth guards. The dentist can act an imperative part in informing athletes, trainers and parents about the significance of preventing orofacial injuries in sports.

A dental laser is a type of ray designed specifically for use in oral surgery or dentistry. In the United States, the use of ray on the gums was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the early 1990s, and use on hard tissue like teeth or the bone of the mandible gained ray can be used to remove a small piece of tissue. Lasers are also used to remove lesions in the mouth and relieve the pain of canker sores. Laser can kill bacteria in a cavity, which can aid in the long-term health of a tooth. Dental lasers can be safely used to treat patients as long as certain precautions are followed the use of protective And using dental spotlight to clean the teeth, the dentist frequently does not need to administer local anesthesia.

This uses of cleaning the teeth is that painless.

• Minimizes bacterial infection

• Minimizes any bleeding

• Causes less damage surrounding to gum tissue.

• Less need for stitches.

Dental trauma refers to trauma to the teeth and periodontium gums, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and nearby soft tissues such as the lips, tongue, etc.

• The most common dental trauma is a broken or lost tooth.

• Superficial fracture

• Serious fracture

• Dental injuries

• Periodontal injuries

• Injuries to supporting bone

• Soft tissue laceration

• Primary teeth

• Permanent teeth

• Periodontal Injuries

Periodontology that studies supporting structures of teeth, as well as diseases and conditions that affect them. The supporting tissues are known as the periodontium, which includes the gingiva (gums), alveolar bone, cementum, and the periodontal ligament. A periodontist is a dentist that specializes in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease and in the placement of dental implants.

Implantology is a Permanent implantation of artificial teeth in the jaw. Dental implants when it is determined that a natural tooth must be removed. it is necessary to extract the tooth and replace it with a dental implant.

Digital dentistry refers to the use of dental technologies or devices that incorporates digital or computer-controlled components to carry out dental procedures rather than using mechanical or electrical tools. digital dentistry can make carrying out dental procedures more efficient than using mechanical tools, both for restorative as diagnostic purposes.

Nanotechnology has various applications in dentistry, including dentition renaturalization, therapy for dentin hypersensitivity, complete orthodontic realignment in a single visit, covalently bonding diamondized enamel, enhancing properties of root canal sealers, and continuous oral health maintenance using mechanical dentifrobots. A range of synthetic nanoparticles such as hydroxyapatite, bioglass, titanium, zirconia, and silver nanoparticles are proposed for dental restoration.

Dental surgery is any of a number of medical procedures that involve surgery of the teeth, gums and jaw bones.

• Endodontic

• Pulpotomy

• Pulpectomy

• Apicoectomy

• Prosthodontics

• Crown

• Veneers

• Bridge

• Implant

• Dentures

• Orthodontic treatment

• Implants and implant-supported prosthesis

• Apicoectomy

• Extraction

• Fiberotomy

Dental marketing is the marketing strategy and marketing tactics dental practices and dental clinics use to attract and retain new patients, as well as increase awareness of their brand

Tooth anatomy proper oral hygiene including regular brushing and flossing can get rid of plaque and acids that cause cavities but you can half the problem of tooth decay and possibly reverse it if the decay is in enamel tooth decay is damaged to a tooth’s surface or enamel it happens when bacteria in your mouth make acids that attack the enamel a decaying tooth result in a low smell during the first stage of tooth decay the outer layer of your teeth and enamel with the right dental professional by your side even server decay teeth can be restored.

• Poor oral hygiene.

• Poor diet choices

• Location of the tooth.

• Stomach acid