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Pathology is the study of disease; most pathologists spend their time analyzing clinical samples such as blood, urine and tissue to diagnose disease or to understand how disease develops. Molecular pathology is majorly used in diagnosis of cancer and infectious diseases. It is an emerging discipline within pathology which is focused in the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of molecules within organs, tissues or bodily fluids.

Clinical pathology is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on laboratory analysis of bodily fluids, such as blood, urine and tissue homogenates. The tools of clinical pathology are macroscopic examination, microscopes, microscopical examination.

It is a branch of pathology that reviews and findings sicknesses on the cell level. A cytopathologist is an anatomic pathologist performs research in the analysis of human sickness by methods for the investigation of cells taken from body discharges and liquids by scratching, washing, or wiping the surface of a sore, or by the goal of a tumor mass or body organ with a fine needle. Cytopathologists normally used to do research on thyroid sores, ailments including sterile body cavities and an extensive variety of other body locales.

Histopathology is the study of manifestations of disease through microscopic examination of tissues of plants and animals. Histopathology concentrates on the basic changes that happen in cells, tissues and organs when presented to harmful jolts. Histopathologists look at bigger bits of tissue to help in the analysis and treatment of patients. It is performed by examining cells and tissues under a light microscope, which have been sectioned, stained and mounted on a microscope slide.

Surgical Pathology is the study of tissues expelled from living patients amid surgery to help analyze a disease and decide a treatment arrange. Surgical pathology is the most significant and time consuming area of practice for most anatomical pathologists. The practice of surgical pathology allows for definitive diagnosis of disease in case where tissue is surgically removed from a patient.

Renal Pathology is a subspecialty of anatomic pathology which provides comprehensive consultative expertise and a service related to disorders of the kidneys, including native and transplant renal biopsies and. The renal pathologist must synthesize findings from light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluroscence to get definitive diagnosis.

Pulmonary pathology is a subspeciality of surgical pathology which deals with diagnosis and characterization of diseases of the lungs. Pathologists on the administration use molecular science, immunohistochemistry, and ultra-structural procedures in their demonstrative workups. It covers a wide range of neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders that continue to pose challenges to pathologists.

Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue. Neuropathologists usually work in the department of anatomic pathology. It is also related to forensic pathology as brain injury can be related to cause of death.

Dermatopathology is subspeaciality of dermatology that focuses on the study of cutaneous diseases. Dermatopathologists work In close association with clinical dermatologists. Dermatologists are able to recognize most skin diseases based on their appearances, anatomic distributions and behavior.

Forensic pathology studies the reason for death, particularly in situations where it is sudden or the police speculate that it is not happened by characteristic causes. Scientific pathologists frequently spend significant time in DNA innovation, blood examination, follow proof, ballistics, and toxicology. Legal pathologist examine the tissue, attire, pee, bile, hair, blood, nail clippings and stomach substance of the casualty.

Hematopathology also known as hemopathology is the study of diseases and disorders affecting blood cells and other organs and tissues involved hematopoiesis like bone marrow, spleen and the thymus.

Immunopathology is the investigation of maladies having an immunologic or unfavorably susceptible premise and the damage caused by the immune system is known as immunopathology. It may be caused by antibodies, an excessive innate response, or lymphocytes.


Radiation pathology is the study of the interaction between human tissues and radiation, as well as the problems and diseases that can arise from the use of radiation. The Human tissue when exposed to radiation, it can be genetically altered and deformed.


It is the study of diagnosis, clinical management and investigation of diseases that affect the oral cavity and surrounding maxillofacial structures. It also significantly intersects with the field of dental pathology. It helps to diagnose many neurological or neuromuscular conditions relevant to speech pathology or swallowing.
Digital Pathology is the study of acquisition, management, sharing and interpretation of pathology information including slides and data in the digital environment. Digital slides are created when glass slides are captured with a scanning device to provide a high resolution digital image that can be viewed on a computer device or mobile screen.

Diagnostic Pathology

It refers to the study of mental disorders or mental illness or the manifestation of behaviors and experiences which indicates psychological impairment. Psychopathology is distinct from psychiatry by virtue of being a theoretical field of scientific research rather than a specialty of medical practice.

Carcinoma is a term used to describe a cancer that starts in the lining layer of organs like the breast. Most of the carcinoma starts in glandular tissue called adenocarcinoma.

Cancer Pathology

Chemical Pathology
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