Cancer Science

Based on the place of organ where cancer exists, various cancers are present in different parts of the human body. It may vary in signs, symptoms, prevention, pain and treatment depending on the position of severity and cell growth.

Breast Cancer: Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among women. It is a steroid hormone–dependent tumour mainly on both estrogen and progesterone hormones which can increase both normal and abnormal breast cell growth.

Digestive/Gastrointestinal Cancer: Refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory organs of digestion, including the esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.

Endocrine Cancer: An abnormal cell growth due to change in DNA leads to formation of tumour. Most Endocrine tumors /Adrenal Tumors are non-cancerous but a few will become cancerous.  An endocrine cancer normally appears in thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid and pituitary glands.

Neuroendocrine Cancer:  A tumor from neuroendocrine cells release hormones into the blood in response to a signal from the nervous system may make higher-than-normal amounts of hormones known as neuroendocrine tumors.

Eye: Cancer which may affect the eye itself are called intraocular cancers.

Melanoma (Intraocular melanoma)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Retinoblastoma(retina)

Genitourinary Cancer: Cancers develops in the male reproductive system and adrenal glands present in a part of the Genitourinary tract.

Prostate Cancer
Kidney Cancer
Bladder Cancer
Testicular Cancer

Germ Cell Cancer: Cancers derived from pluripotent cells, most often presenting in the testicle or the ovary (seminoma and dysgerminoma).

Gynecologic cancer: The cancers develop in a woman's reproductive organs. Gynaecologic cancers in five different places within a woman's pelvis, Each gynecologic cancer is unique, with different signs and symptoms, risk factors and prevention strategies.

Cervical Cancer
Endometrial Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Uterine Sarcoma
Vaginal Cancer
Vulvar Cancer

Head and Neck Cancer: Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HSNCC) is highly invasive, frequently metastasizing to cervical lymph nodes and corresponds with poor prognosis. account for 6% of all cancers worldwide.

Blood Cancer: Cancer present in blood-forming tissues like bone marrow and in cells of the immune system. Stem cells in bone marrow mature and develop into three types of blood cells: RBCs, WBCs, or platelets. In the conditions of blood cancer the process of blood production is disrupted due to the growth of an abnormal type of blood cell.

Leukaemia
lymphoma, and multiple myeloma

Musculoskeletal Cancer: Musculoskeletal cancer is any cancer that develops in bone or soft-tissue, such as muscle. It includes

Bone Cancer (bone sarcoma)
Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Metastatic Carcinoma

Neurologic Cancer: Neurological cancer causes when cells inside the brain reproduce uncontrollably, forming a mass called tumour, which may affects both brain and spine areas of the body. Brain cancer occurs can be cancerous or noncancerous.

Respiratory/Thoracic Cancer: Lung cancer occurs when cells divide in the lungs uncontrollably which causes tumors to grow and gradually reduces a person’s ability to breathe and spread to other parts of the body. It includes lung carcinoid tumors, thymic malignancies and tracheal tumors. Two types of lung cancers

Small-cell lung Carcinoma
Non-small-cell lung Carcinoma

Skin Cancer: Skin cancer may appear in abnormal growth of cells in the epidermis, caused by unrepaired DNA damage that triggers mutations which leads to rapid growth in skin cells and form malignant tumors.

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC)

AIDS-Related: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) greatly reduces the function of the immune system and is the cause of AIDS. HIV infection may also make patients susceptible to infection by a type of human herpes virus, HHV which is a risk factor for Kaposi's sarcoma.