Material Science and Engineering

Surface Engineering: It is the sub-discipline of accoutrements wisdom that deals with the face of solid matter. It has operations in chemistry, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering (particularly in relation to semiconductor manufacturing). Solids are composed of a bulk material covered by a face. The face which bounds the bulk material is called the face phase. It acts as an interface to the girding terrain. The bulk solid material is called the bulk phase.

The face phase of a solid interacts with the girding terrain. This commerce can degrade the face phase over time. Environmental declination of the face phase over time can be caused by wear and tear, erosion, fatigue, and creep.

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Related Associations: Surface Science Society of Japan (SSSJ) | Surface Science Society of India (SSSI) | American Vacuum Society (AVS) - Surface Science Division | American Chemical Society (ACS) - Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry | International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Applications (IUVSTA) | International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) - Optical Engineering + Applications | The Electrochemical Society (ECS) - Corrosion Division | 
The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) - Surface Engineering Committee | The European Colloid and Interface Society (ECIS) | International Organization for Chemical Sciences in Development (IOCD)